Thursday, June 23, 2016

Install Android Studio 2.1.2 on Linux Mint 17.3 Rosa


This video show how to install Android Studio (currently 2.1.2) on Linux Mint 17.3 Rosa run on VirtualBox/Windows 10.

Before install Android Studio, have to install jdk. Refer to Install Oracle Java8 on Linux Mint 17.3 Rosa.


Enter in Terminal:
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-desktop/ubuntu-make
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install ubuntu-make
$ umake android

After reboot, launcher icon of Android Studio will appear in Linux Mint Menu.



Install Oracle Java8 on Linux Mint 17.3 Rosa

This video show how to Install Oracle Java8 on Linux Mint 17.3 Rosa (run on VirtualBox/Windows 10).


Enter the command in Terminal:
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer

Install Linux Mint 17.3 Rosa on VirtualBox/Windows 10


This video show how to install Install Linux Mint 17.3 Rosa on Oracle VirtualBox/Windows 10.

Download Linux Mint iso file from https://www.linuxmint.com/.


The video also show how to enable 3D Acceleration in VirtualBox. (Please note: In my experience of using Ubuntu on VirtualBox/Windows 10, sometimes will have problem when 3D Acceleration enabled.)


Sunday, June 19, 2016

Think Java: How to Think Like a Computer Scientist

Think Java: How to Think Like a Computer Scientist

Currently used at many colleges, universities, and high schools, this hands-on introduction to computer science is ideal for people with little or no programming experience. The goal of this concise book is not just to teach you Java, but to help you think like a computer scientist. You’ll learn how to program—a useful skill by itself—but you’ll also discover how to use programming as a means to an end.

Authors Allen Downey and Chris Mayfield start with the most basic concepts and gradually move into topics that are more complex, such as recursion and object-oriented programming. Each brief chapter covers the material for one week of a college course and includes exercises to help you practice what you’ve learned.

  • Learn one concept at a time: tackle complex topics in a series of small steps with examples
  • Understand how to formulate problems, think creatively about solutions, and write programs clearly and accurately
  • Determine which development techniques work best for you, and practice the important skill of debugging
  • Learn relationships among input and output, decisions and loops, classes and methods, strings and arrays
  • Work on exercises involving word games, graphics, puzzles, and playing cards

Tuesday, June 14, 2016

BottomSheetDialog example


The former post show a example of "Implement BottomSheet of Android Design Support Library". This post show a BottomSheetDialog example.


To use Design Support Library in your app, you have to "Add Android Design Support Library to Android Studio Project", currently version 'com.android.support:design:23.4.0'.


Create a file layout/bottomsheetdialog_layout.xml, to define the layout of the BottomSheetDialog.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    app:layout_behavior="android.support.design.widget.BottomSheetBehavior">

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="300dp"
        android:orientation="vertical">

        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
            android:text="Bottom Sheet Dialog Example"
            android:textSize="26dp"
            android:textStyle="bold"/>
        <ImageView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:src="@mipmap/ic_launcher"/>

    </LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>

layout/activity_main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:padding="16dp"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="com.blogspot.android_er.androidbottomsheetdialog.MainActivity">

    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/backgroundlayout"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical">
        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
            android:autoLink="web"
            android:text="http://android-er.blogspot.com/"
            android:textStyle="bold" />
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/textSDK"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/prompt1"
            android:textSize="28dp"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/prompt2"
            android:textSize="28dp"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
    </LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>


MainActivity.java
package com.blogspot.android_er.androidbottomsheetdialog;

import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.design.widget.BottomSheetBehavior;
import android.support.design.widget.BottomSheetDialog;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    LinearLayout backgroundLayout;
    View bottomSheetView;
    TextView textPrompt1, textPrompt2;
    TextView textSDK;

    BottomSheetDialog bottomSheetDialog;
    BottomSheetBehavior bottomSheetBehavior;

    int sdk_int = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        textSDK = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.textSDK);
        textSDK.setText("Running SDK_INT: " + sdk_int);

        textPrompt1 = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.prompt1);
        textPrompt2 = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.prompt2);
        backgroundLayout = (LinearLayout)findViewById(R.id.backgroundlayout);

        bottomSheetView = getLayoutInflater().inflate(R.layout.bottomsheetdialog_layout, null);
        bottomSheetDialog = new BottomSheetDialog(MainActivity.this);
        bottomSheetDialog.setContentView(bottomSheetView);
        bottomSheetBehavior = BottomSheetBehavior.from((View) bottomSheetView.getParent());
        bottomSheetBehavior.setBottomSheetCallback(bottomSheetCallback);

        bottomSheetDialog.setOnShowListener(new DialogInterface.OnShowListener() {
            @Override
            public void onShow(DialogInterface dialog) {
                textPrompt1.setText("OnShow");
            }
        });

        bottomSheetDialog.setOnDismissListener(new DialogInterface.OnDismissListener() {
            @Override
            public void onDismiss(DialogInterface dialog) {
                bottomSheetBehavior.setState(BottomSheetBehavior.STATE_COLLAPSED);
                textPrompt1.setText("OnDismiss");
            }
        });

        backgroundLayout.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                bottomSheetBehavior.setState(BottomSheetBehavior.STATE_EXPANDED);
                bottomSheetDialog.show();
            }
        });

    }

    BottomSheetBehavior.BottomSheetCallback bottomSheetCallback =
            new BottomSheetBehavior.BottomSheetCallback(){
                @Override
                public void onStateChanged(@NonNull View bottomSheet, int newState) {
                    switch (newState){
                        case BottomSheetBehavior.STATE_COLLAPSED:
                            textPrompt2.setText("COLLAPSED");
                            break;
                        case BottomSheetBehavior.STATE_DRAGGING:
                            textPrompt2.setText("DRAGGING");
                            break;
                        case BottomSheetBehavior.STATE_EXPANDED:
                            textPrompt2.setText("EXPANDED");
                            break;
                        case BottomSheetBehavior.STATE_HIDDEN:
                            textPrompt2.setText("HIDDEN");
                            bottomSheetDialog.dismiss();
                            break;
                        case BottomSheetBehavior.STATE_SETTLING:
                            textPrompt2.setText("SETTLING");
                            break;
                        default:
                            textPrompt2.setText("unknown...");
                    }
                }

                @Override
                public void onSlide(@NonNull View bottomSheet, float slideOffset) {

                }
            };
}




~ More example of using Android Design Support Library, Snackbar, FloatingActionButton.

Friday, June 10, 2016

Sets the height of collapsed bottom sheet, by calling setPeekHeight() method


In lasp example of BottomSheet, I implement a OnClickListener of background to expand and collapse the bottom sheet. Without this, user cannot expand the bottom sheet if collapsed, because bottom sheet have height of 0 by default. If you want you can set the height of collapsed bottom sheet, by calling setPeekHeight() method.

This video show how:


MainActivity.java
package com.blogspot.android_er.androidbottomsheet;

import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.design.widget.BottomSheetBehavior;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    LinearLayout backgroundLayout;
    View bottomSheet;
    private BottomSheetBehavior bottomSheetBehavior;
    TextView textPrompt;
    TextView textSDK;

    /*
    Build.VERSION.SDK_INT:
    The user-visible SDK version of the framework;
    its possible values are defined in Build.VERSION_CODES.
    https://developer.android.com/reference/android/os/Build.VERSION_CODES.html
     */
    int sdk_int = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        textSDK = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.textSDK);
        textSDK.setText("Running SDK_INT: " + sdk_int);

        textPrompt = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.prompt);
        backgroundLayout = (LinearLayout)findViewById(R.id.backgroundlayout);

        bottomSheet = findViewById(R.id.bottomsheet);
        bottomSheetBehavior = BottomSheetBehavior.from(bottomSheet);
        bottomSheetBehavior.setBottomSheetCallback(bottomSheetCallback);

        bottomSheetBehavior.setPeekHeight(150);

        /*
        backgroundLayout.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                switch (bottomSheetBehavior.getState()){
                    case BottomSheetBehavior.STATE_COLLAPSED:
                        bottomSheetBehavior.setState(BottomSheetBehavior.STATE_EXPANDED);
                        break;
                    case BottomSheetBehavior.STATE_EXPANDED:
                        bottomSheetBehavior.setState(BottomSheetBehavior.STATE_COLLAPSED);
                        break;
                }
            }
        });
        */
    }

    BottomSheetBehavior.BottomSheetCallback bottomSheetCallback =
            new BottomSheetBehavior.BottomSheetCallback(){
        @Override
        public void onStateChanged(@NonNull View bottomSheet, int newState) {
            switch (newState){
                case BottomSheetBehavior.STATE_COLLAPSED:
                    textPrompt.setText("COLLAPSED");
                    break;
                case BottomSheetBehavior.STATE_DRAGGING:
                    textPrompt.setText("DRAGGING");
                    break;
                case BottomSheetBehavior.STATE_EXPANDED:
                    textPrompt.setText("EXPANDED");
                    break;
                case BottomSheetBehavior.STATE_HIDDEN:
                    textPrompt.setText("HIDDEN");
                    break;
                case BottomSheetBehavior.STATE_SETTLING:
                    textPrompt.setText("SETTLING");
                    break;
                default:
                    textPrompt.setText("unknown...");
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onSlide(@NonNull View bottomSheet, float slideOffset) {

        }
    };
}



Thursday, June 9, 2016

Scan specified BLE devices with ScanFilter


The former post show how to scan Bluetooth LE device with BluetoothLeScanner, accept all BLE devices. We can use ScanFilter to limit to specified BLE deviecs only.


Edit scanLeDevice() method of MainActivity.java in last post.

package com.blogspot.android_er.androidblegatt;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothManager;
import android.bluetooth.le.BluetoothLeScanner;
import android.bluetooth.le.ScanCallback;
import android.bluetooth.le.ScanFilter;
import android.bluetooth.le.ScanResult;
import android.bluetooth.le.ScanSettings;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ListAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;
    private BluetoothLeScanner mBluetoothLeScanner;

    private boolean mScanning;

    private static final int RQS_ENABLE_BLUETOOTH = 1;

    Button btnScan;
    ListView listViewLE;

    List<BluetoothDevice> listBluetoothDevice;
    ListAdapter adapterLeScanResult;

    private Handler mHandler;
    private static final long SCAN_PERIOD = 10000;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        // Check if BLE is supported on the device.
        if (!getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE)) {
            Toast.makeText(this,
                    "BLUETOOTH_LE not supported in this device!",
                    Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            finish();
        }

        getBluetoothAdapterAndLeScanner();

        // Checks if Bluetooth is supported on the device.
        if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {
            Toast.makeText(this,
                    "bluetoothManager.getAdapter()==null",
                    Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            finish();
            return;
        }

        btnScan = (Button)findViewById(R.id.scan);
        btnScan.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                scanLeDevice(true);
            }
        });
        listViewLE = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.lelist);

        listBluetoothDevice = new ArrayList<>();
        adapterLeScanResult = new ArrayAdapter<BluetoothDevice>(
                this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, listBluetoothDevice);
        listViewLE.setAdapter(adapterLeScanResult);
        listViewLE.setOnItemClickListener(scanResultOnItemClickListener);

        mHandler = new Handler();

    }

    AdapterView.OnItemClickListener scanResultOnItemClickListener =
            new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener(){

                @Override
                public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
                    final BluetoothDevice device =
                            (BluetoothDevice) parent.getItemAtPosition(position);

                    String msg = device.getAddress() + "\n"
                            + device.getBluetoothClass().toString() + "\n"
                            + getBTDevieType(device);

                    new AlertDialog.Builder(MainActivity.this)
                            .setTitle(device.getName())
                            .setMessage(msg)
                            .setPositiveButton("OK", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                                @Override
                                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {

                                }
                            })
                            .show();

                }
            };

    private String getBTDevieType(BluetoothDevice d){
        String type = "";

        switch (d.getType()){
            case BluetoothDevice.DEVICE_TYPE_CLASSIC:
                type = "DEVICE_TYPE_CLASSIC";
                break;
            case BluetoothDevice.DEVICE_TYPE_DUAL:
                type = "DEVICE_TYPE_DUAL";
                break;
            case BluetoothDevice.DEVICE_TYPE_LE:
                type = "DEVICE_TYPE_LE";
                break;
            case BluetoothDevice.DEVICE_TYPE_UNKNOWN:
                type = "DEVICE_TYPE_UNKNOWN";
                break;
            default:
                type = "unknown...";
        }

        return type;
    }

    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();

        if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
            if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
                Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
                startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, RQS_ENABLE_BLUETOOTH);
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {

        if (requestCode == RQS_ENABLE_BLUETOOTH && resultCode == Activity.RESULT_CANCELED) {
            finish();
            return;
        }

        getBluetoothAdapterAndLeScanner();

        // Checks if Bluetooth is supported on the device.
        if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {
            Toast.makeText(this,
                    "bluetoothManager.getAdapter()==null",
                    Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            finish();
            return;
        }

        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
    }

    private void getBluetoothAdapterAndLeScanner(){
        // Get BluetoothAdapter and BluetoothLeScanner.
        final BluetoothManager bluetoothManager =
                (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
        mBluetoothAdapter = bluetoothManager.getAdapter();
        mBluetoothLeScanner = mBluetoothAdapter.getBluetoothLeScanner();

        mScanning = false;
    }

    /*
    to call startScan (ScanCallback callback),
    Requires BLUETOOTH_ADMIN permission.
    Must hold ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION or ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION permission to get results.
     */
    private void scanLeDevice(final boolean enable) {
        if (enable) {
            listBluetoothDevice.clear();
            listViewLE.invalidateViews();

            // Stops scanning after a pre-defined scan period.
            mHandler.postDelayed(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    mBluetoothLeScanner.stopScan(scanCallback);
                    listViewLE.invalidateViews();

                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,
                            "Scan timeout",
                            Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

                    mScanning = false;
                    btnScan.setEnabled(true);
                }
            }, SCAN_PERIOD);

            //mBluetoothLeScanner.startScan(scanCallback);

            //scan specified devices only with ScanFilter
            ScanFilter scanFilter =
                    new ScanFilter.Builder()
                            .setServiceUuid(BluetoothLeService.ParcelUuid_GENUINO101_ledService)
                            .build();
            List<ScanFilter> scanFilters = new ArrayList<ScanFilter>();
            scanFilters.add(scanFilter);

            ScanSettings scanSettings =
                    new ScanSettings.Builder().build();

            mBluetoothLeScanner.startScan(scanFilters, scanSettings, scanCallback);

            mScanning = true;
            btnScan.setEnabled(false);
        } else {
            mBluetoothLeScanner.stopScan(scanCallback);
            mScanning = false;
            btnScan.setEnabled(true);
        }
    }

    private ScanCallback scanCallback = new ScanCallback() {
        @Override
        public void onScanResult(int callbackType, ScanResult result) {
            super.onScanResult(callbackType, result);

            addBluetoothDevice(result.getDevice());
        }

        @Override
        public void onBatchScanResults(List<ScanResult> results) {
            super.onBatchScanResults(results);
            for(ScanResult result : results){
                addBluetoothDevice(result.getDevice());
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onScanFailed(int errorCode) {
            super.onScanFailed(errorCode);
            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,
                    "onScanFailed: " + String.valueOf(errorCode),
                    Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        }

        private void addBluetoothDevice(BluetoothDevice device){
            if(!listBluetoothDevice.contains(device)){
                listBluetoothDevice.add(device);
                listViewLE.invalidateViews();
            }
        }
    };
}


Next:
- Bluetooth LE example - connect to Bluetooth LE device and display GATT Services


~ Bluetooth LE Gatt Example, step-by-step

Wednesday, June 8, 2016

Implement BottomSheet of Android Design Support Library

BottomSheet run on API 19

BottomSheet run on API 23
With the help from the Android Design Support Library, you can implement a number of important material design components to all developers and to all Android 2.1 or higher devices.

This example show how to implement Bottom Sheets with help of Android Design Support Library.




To use Design Support Library in your app, you have to "Add Android Design Support Library to Android Studio Project", currently version 'com.android.support:design:23.4.0'.


activity_main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context="com.blogspot.android_er.androidbottomsheet.MainActivity">

    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/backgroundlayout"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical">
        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
            android:autoLink="web"
            android:text="http://android-er.blogspot.com/"
            android:textStyle="bold" />
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/textSDK"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/prompt"
            android:textSize="28dp"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
    </LinearLayout>

    <android.support.v4.widget.NestedScrollView
        android:id="@+id/bottomsheet"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:clipToPadding="true"
        android:background="@android:color/darker_gray"
        app:layout_behavior="android.support.design.widget.BottomSheetBehavior">

        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:orientation="vertical">
            <TextView
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
                android:text="Bottom Sheet Example"
                android:textSize="26dp"
                android:textStyle="bold"/>
            <ImageView
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:src="@mipmap/ic_launcher"/>
        </LinearLayout>

    </android.support.v4.widget.NestedScrollView>
</android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout>


MainActivity.java
package com.blogspot.android_er.androidbottomsheet;

import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.design.widget.BottomSheetBehavior;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    LinearLayout backgroundLayout;
    View bottomSheet;
    private BottomSheetBehavior bottomSheetBehavior;
    TextView textPrompt;
    TextView textSDK;

    /*
    Build.VERSION.SDK_INT:
    The user-visible SDK version of the framework;
    its possible values are defined in Build.VERSION_CODES.
    https://developer.android.com/reference/android/os/Build.VERSION_CODES.html
     */
    int sdk_int = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        textSDK = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.textSDK);
        textSDK.setText("Running SDK_INT: " + sdk_int);

        textPrompt = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.prompt);
        backgroundLayout = (LinearLayout)findViewById(R.id.backgroundlayout);

        bottomSheet = findViewById(R.id.bottomsheet);
        bottomSheetBehavior = BottomSheetBehavior.from(bottomSheet);
        bottomSheetBehavior.setBottomSheetCallback(bottomSheetCallback);

        backgroundLayout.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                switch (bottomSheetBehavior.getState()){
                    case BottomSheetBehavior.STATE_COLLAPSED:
                        bottomSheetBehavior.setState(BottomSheetBehavior.STATE_EXPANDED);
                        break;
                    case BottomSheetBehavior.STATE_EXPANDED:
                        bottomSheetBehavior.setState(BottomSheetBehavior.STATE_COLLAPSED);
                        break;
                }
            }
        });

    }

    BottomSheetBehavior.BottomSheetCallback bottomSheetCallback =
            new BottomSheetBehavior.BottomSheetCallback(){
        @Override
        public void onStateChanged(@NonNull View bottomSheet, int newState) {
            switch (newState){
                case BottomSheetBehavior.STATE_COLLAPSED:
                    textPrompt.setText("COLLAPSED");
                    break;
                case BottomSheetBehavior.STATE_DRAGGING:
                    textPrompt.setText("DRAGGING");
                    break;
                case BottomSheetBehavior.STATE_EXPANDED:
                    textPrompt.setText("EXPANDED");
                    break;
                case BottomSheetBehavior.STATE_HIDDEN:
                    textPrompt.setText("HIDDEN");
                    break;
                case BottomSheetBehavior.STATE_SETTLING:
                    textPrompt.setText("SETTLING");
                    break;
                default:
                    textPrompt.setText("unknown...");
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onSlide(@NonNull View bottomSheet, float slideOffset) {

        }
    };
}


(reference: http://android-developers.blogspot.hk/2016/02/android-support-library-232.html)

Next:
Sets the height of collapsed bottom sheet, by calling setPeekHeight() method
BottomSheetDialog example

~ More example of using Android Design Support Library, Snackbar, FloatingActionButton.

Bluetooth LE Gatt Example, scan BLE devices

Last post show the first step to enable Bluetooth, this post show how to scan BLE devices in range.


We will re-use the BluetoothLeService.java in Android example code "Bluetooth Le Gatt example". Modify to suit our case.

BluetoothLeService.java
/*
 * Copyright (C) 2013 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.blogspot.android_er.androidblegatt;

import android.app.Service;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCallback;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCharacteristic;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattDescriptor;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattService;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothManager;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothProfile;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.ParcelUuid;
import android.util.Log;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.UUID;

/**
 * Service for managing connection and data communication with a GATT server hosted on a
 * given Bluetooth LE device.
 */
public class BluetoothLeService extends Service {
    private final static String TAG = BluetoothLeService.class.getSimpleName();

    private BluetoothManager mBluetoothManager;
    private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;
    private String mBluetoothDeviceAddress;
    private BluetoothGatt mBluetoothGatt;
    private int mConnectionState = STATE_DISCONNECTED;

    private static final int STATE_DISCONNECTED = 0;
    private static final int STATE_CONNECTING = 1;
    private static final int STATE_CONNECTED = 2;

    public final static String ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED =
            "android-er.ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED";
    public final static String ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED =
            "android-er.ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED";
    public final static String ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED =
            "android-er.ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED";
    public final static String ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE =
            "android-er.ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE";
    public final static String EXTRA_DATA =
            "android-er.EXTRA_DATA";

    public static String String_GENUINO101_ledService =
            "19B10000-E8F2-537E-4F6C-D104768A1214";
    public final static ParcelUuid ParcelUuid_GENUINO101_ledService =
            ParcelUuid.fromString(String_GENUINO101_ledService);
    public final static UUID UUID_GENUINO101_ledService =
            UUID.fromString(String_GENUINO101_ledService);

    public static String String_GENUINO101_switchChar =
            "19B10001-E8F2-537E-4F6C-D104768A1214";
    public final static UUID UUID_GENUINO101_switchChare =
            UUID.fromString(String_GENUINO101_switchChar);

    // Implements callback methods for GATT events that the app cares about.  For example,
    // connection change and services discovered.
    private final BluetoothGattCallback mGattCallback = new BluetoothGattCallback() {
        @Override
        public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status, int newState) {
            String intentAction;
            if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) {
                intentAction = ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED;
                mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTED;
                broadcastUpdate(intentAction);
                Log.i(TAG, "Connected to GATT server.");
                // Attempts to discover services after successful connection.
                Log.i(TAG, "Attempting to start service discovery:" +
                        mBluetoothGatt.discoverServices());

            } else if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
                intentAction = ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED;
                mConnectionState = STATE_DISCONNECTED;
                Log.i(TAG, "Disconnected from GATT server.");
                broadcastUpdate(intentAction);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onServicesDiscovered(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status) {
            if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
                broadcastUpdate(ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED);
            } else {
                Log.w(TAG, "onServicesDiscovered received: " + status);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onCharacteristicRead(BluetoothGatt gatt,
                                         BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic,
                                         int status) {
            if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
                broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onCharacteristicChanged(BluetoothGatt gatt,
                                            BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
            broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);
        }
    };

    private void broadcastUpdate(final String action) {
        final Intent intent = new Intent(action);
        sendBroadcast(intent);
    }

    private void broadcastUpdate(final String action,
                                 final BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
        final Intent intent = new Intent(action);

        /*
        // This is special handling for the Heart Rate Measurement profile.  Data parsing is
        // carried out as per profile specifications:
        // http://developer.bluetooth.org/gatt/characteristics/Pages/CharacteristicViewer.aspx
        // ?u=org.bluetooth.characteristic.heart_rate_measurement.xml
        if (UUID_HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT.equals(characteristic.getUuid())) {
            int flag = characteristic.getProperties();
            int format = -1;
            if ((flag & 0x01) != 0) {
                format = BluetoothGattCharacteristic.FORMAT_UINT16;
                Log.d(TAG, "Heart rate format UINT16.");
            } else {
                format = BluetoothGattCharacteristic.FORMAT_UINT8;
                Log.d(TAG, "Heart rate format UINT8.");
            }
            final int heartRate = characteristic.getIntValue(format, 1);
            Log.d(TAG, String.format("Received heart rate: %d", heartRate));
            intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DATA, String.valueOf(heartRate));
        } else {
            // For all other profiles, writes the data formatted in HEX.
            final byte[] data = characteristic.getValue();
            if (data != null && data.length > 0) {
                final StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(data.length);
                for(byte byteChar : data)
                    stringBuilder.append(String.format("%02X ", byteChar));
                intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DATA, new String(data) + "\n" + stringBuilder.toString());
            }
        }
        */

        //remove special handling for time being
        Log.w(TAG, "broadcastUpdate()");

        final byte[] data = characteristic.getValue();

        Log.v(TAG, "data.length: " + data.length);

        if (data != null && data.length > 0) {
            final StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(data.length);
            for(byte byteChar : data) {
                stringBuilder.append(String.format("%02X ", byteChar));

                Log.v(TAG, String.format("%02X ", byteChar));
            }
            intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DATA, new String(data) + "\n" + stringBuilder.toString());
        }

        sendBroadcast(intent);
    }

    public class LocalBinder extends Binder {
        BluetoothLeService getService() {
            return BluetoothLeService.this;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return mBinder;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {
        // After using a given device, you should make sure that BluetoothGatt.close() is called
        // such that resources are cleaned up properly.  In this particular example, close() is
        // invoked when the UI is disconnected from the Service.
        close();
        return super.onUnbind(intent);
    }

    private final IBinder mBinder = new LocalBinder();

    /**
     * Initializes a reference to the local Bluetooth adapter.
     *
     * @return Return true if the initialization is successful.
     */
    public boolean initialize() {
        // For API level 18 and above, get a reference to BluetoothAdapter through
        // BluetoothManager.
        if (mBluetoothManager == null) {
            mBluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
            if (mBluetoothManager == null) {
                Log.e(TAG, "Unable to initialize BluetoothManager.");
                return false;
            }
        }

        mBluetoothAdapter = mBluetoothManager.getAdapter();
        if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Unable to obtain a BluetoothAdapter.");
            return false;
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Connects to the GATT server hosted on the Bluetooth LE device.
     *
     * @param address The device address of the destination device.
     *
     * @return Return true if the connection is initiated successfully. The connection result
     *         is reported asynchronously through the
     *         {@code BluetoothGattCallback#onConnectionStateChange(
     *         android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt, int, int)}
     *         callback.
     */
    public boolean connect(final String address) {
        if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || address == null) {
            Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized or unspecified address.");
            return false;
        }

        // Previously connected device.  Try to reconnect.
        if (mBluetoothDeviceAddress != null && address.equals(mBluetoothDeviceAddress)
                && mBluetoothGatt != null) {
            Log.d(TAG, "Trying to use an existing mBluetoothGatt for connection.");
            if (mBluetoothGatt.connect()) {
                mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTING;
                return true;
            } else {
                return false;
            }
        }

        final BluetoothDevice device = mBluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(address);
        if (device == null) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Device not found.  Unable to connect.");
            return false;
        }
        // We want to directly connect to the device, so we are setting the autoConnect
        // parameter to false.
        mBluetoothGatt = device.connectGatt(this, false, mGattCallback);
        Log.d(TAG, "Trying to create a new connection.");
        mBluetoothDeviceAddress = address;
        mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTING;
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Disconnects an existing connection or cancel a pending connection. The disconnection result
     * is reported asynchronously through the
     * {@code BluetoothGattCallback#onConnectionStateChange(
     * android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt, int, int)}
     * callback.
     */
    public void disconnect() {
        if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {
            Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");
            return;
        }
        mBluetoothGatt.disconnect();
    }

    /**
     * After using a given BLE device, the app must call this method to ensure resources are
     * released properly.
     */
    public void close() {
        if (mBluetoothGatt == null) {
            return;
        }
        mBluetoothGatt.close();
        mBluetoothGatt = null;
    }

    /**
     * Request a read on a given {@code BluetoothGattCharacteristic}. The read result is reported
     * asynchronously through the {@code BluetoothGattCallback#onCharacteristicRead(
     * android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt, android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCharacteristic, int)}
     * callback.
     *
     * @param characteristic The characteristic to read from.
     */
    public void readCharacteristic(BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
        if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {
            Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");
            return;
        }
        mBluetoothGatt.readCharacteristic(characteristic);
    }

    /**
     * Enables or disables notification on a give characteristic.
     *
     * @param characteristic Characteristic to act on.
     * @param enabled If true, enable notification.  False otherwise.
     */
    public void setCharacteristicNotification(BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic,
                                              boolean enabled) {
        if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {
            Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");
            return;
        }
        mBluetoothGatt.setCharacteristicNotification(characteristic, enabled);

        // This is specific to Genuino 101 ledService.
        if (UUID_GENUINO101_ledService.equals(characteristic.getUuid())) {
            BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor = characteristic.getDescriptor(
                    UUID_GENUINO101_switchChare);
            descriptor.setValue(BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE);
            mBluetoothGatt.writeDescriptor(descriptor);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves a list of supported GATT services on the connected device. This should be
     * invoked only after {@code BluetoothGatt#discoverServices()} completes successfully.
     *
     * @return A {@code List} of supported services.
     */
    public List<BluetoothGattService> getSupportedGattServices() {
        if (mBluetoothGatt == null) return null;

        return mBluetoothGatt.getServices();
    }
}


Edit AndroidManifest.xml to add service of ".BluetoothLeService".
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.blogspot.android_er.androidblegatt">

    <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth_le" android:required="true"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/>

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <service android:name=".BluetoothLeService" android:enabled="true"/>
    </application>

</manifest>

Edit activity_main.xml to add a Button to start scanning, and a ListView to display the result.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:padding="16dp"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="com.blogspot.android_er.androidblegatt.MainActivity">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
        android:autoLink="web"
        android:text="http://android-er.blogspot.com/"
        android:textStyle="bold" />

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
        android:autoLink="web"
        android:text="Bluetooth LE Gatt Example"
        android:textStyle="italic" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/scan"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Scan"/>
    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/lelist"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"/>
</LinearLayout>


MainActivity.java
package com.blogspot.android_er.androidblegatt;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothManager;
import android.bluetooth.le.BluetoothLeScanner;
import android.bluetooth.le.ScanCallback;
import android.bluetooth.le.ScanResult;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ListAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;
    private BluetoothLeScanner mBluetoothLeScanner;

    private boolean mScanning;

    private static final int RQS_ENABLE_BLUETOOTH = 1;

    Button btnScan;
    ListView listViewLE;

    List<BluetoothDevice> listBluetoothDevice;
    ListAdapter adapterLeScanResult;

    private Handler mHandler;
    private static final long SCAN_PERIOD = 10000;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        // Check if BLE is supported on the device.
        if (!getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE)) {
            Toast.makeText(this,
                    "BLUETOOTH_LE not supported in this device!",
                    Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            finish();
        }

        getBluetoothAdapterAndLeScanner();

        // Checks if Bluetooth is supported on the device.
        if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {
            Toast.makeText(this,
                    "bluetoothManager.getAdapter()==null",
                    Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            finish();
            return;
        }

        btnScan = (Button)findViewById(R.id.scan);
        btnScan.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                scanLeDevice(true);
            }
        });
        listViewLE = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.lelist);

        listBluetoothDevice = new ArrayList<>();
        adapterLeScanResult = new ArrayAdapter<BluetoothDevice>(
                this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, listBluetoothDevice);
        listViewLE.setAdapter(adapterLeScanResult);
        listViewLE.setOnItemClickListener(scanResultOnItemClickListener);

        mHandler = new Handler();

    }

    AdapterView.OnItemClickListener scanResultOnItemClickListener =
            new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener(){

                @Override
                public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
                    final BluetoothDevice device = (BluetoothDevice) parent.getItemAtPosition(position);

                    String msg = device.getAddress() + "\n"
                            + device.getBluetoothClass().toString() + "\n"
                            + getBTDevieType(device);

                    new AlertDialog.Builder(MainActivity.this)
                            .setTitle(device.getName())
                            .setMessage(msg)
                            .setPositiveButton("OK", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                                @Override
                                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {

                                }
                            })
                            .show();

                }
            };

    private String getBTDevieType(BluetoothDevice d){
        String type = "";

        switch (d.getType()){
            case BluetoothDevice.DEVICE_TYPE_CLASSIC:
                type = "DEVICE_TYPE_CLASSIC";
                break;
            case BluetoothDevice.DEVICE_TYPE_DUAL:
                type = "DEVICE_TYPE_DUAL";
                break;
            case BluetoothDevice.DEVICE_TYPE_LE:
                type = "DEVICE_TYPE_LE";
                break;
            case BluetoothDevice.DEVICE_TYPE_UNKNOWN:
                type = "DEVICE_TYPE_UNKNOWN";
                break;
            default:
                type = "unknown...";
        }

        return type;
    }

    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();

        if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
            if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
                Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
                startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, RQS_ENABLE_BLUETOOTH);
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {

        if (requestCode == RQS_ENABLE_BLUETOOTH && resultCode == Activity.RESULT_CANCELED) {
            finish();
            return;
        }

        getBluetoothAdapterAndLeScanner();

        // Checks if Bluetooth is supported on the device.
        if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {
            Toast.makeText(this,
                    "bluetoothManager.getAdapter()==null",
                    Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            finish();
            return;
        }

        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
    }

    private void getBluetoothAdapterAndLeScanner(){
        // Get BluetoothAdapter and BluetoothLeScanner.
        final BluetoothManager bluetoothManager =
                (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
        mBluetoothAdapter = bluetoothManager.getAdapter();
        mBluetoothLeScanner = mBluetoothAdapter.getBluetoothLeScanner();

        mScanning = false;
    }

    /*
    to call startScan (ScanCallback callback),
    Requires BLUETOOTH_ADMIN permission.
    Must hold ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION or ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION permission to get results.
     */
    private void scanLeDevice(final boolean enable) {
        if (enable) {
            listBluetoothDevice.clear();
            listViewLE.invalidateViews();

            // Stops scanning after a pre-defined scan period.
            mHandler.postDelayed(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    mBluetoothLeScanner.stopScan(scanCallback);
                    listViewLE.invalidateViews();

                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,
                            "Scan timeout",
                            Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

                    mScanning = false;
                    btnScan.setEnabled(true);
                }
            }, SCAN_PERIOD);

            mBluetoothLeScanner.startScan(scanCallback);
            mScanning = true;
            btnScan.setEnabled(false);
        } else {
            mBluetoothLeScanner.stopScan(scanCallback);
            mScanning = false;
            btnScan.setEnabled(true);
        }
    }

    private ScanCallback scanCallback = new ScanCallback() {
        @Override
        public void onScanResult(int callbackType, ScanResult result) {
            super.onScanResult(callbackType, result);

            addBluetoothDevice(result.getDevice());
        }

        @Override
        public void onBatchScanResults(List<ScanResult> results) {
            super.onBatchScanResults(results);
            for(ScanResult result : results){
                addBluetoothDevice(result.getDevice());
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onScanFailed(int errorCode) {
            super.onScanFailed(errorCode);
            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,
                    "onScanFailed: " + String.valueOf(errorCode),
                    Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
        }

        private void addBluetoothDevice(BluetoothDevice device){
            if(!listBluetoothDevice.contains(device)){
                listBluetoothDevice.add(device);
                listViewLE.invalidateViews();
            }
        }
    };
}


As shown in this video; there are three bluetooth devices running in range. This example recognize Genuino 101 and HM-10 (BLE module), but not HC-06 (classic Bluetooth module).



Next:
Scan specified BLE devices with ScanFilter

~ Bluetooth LE Gatt Example, step-by-step

Monday, June 6, 2016

Bluetooth LE Gatt Example, step-by-step

Last post demonstrate the Android Bluetooth Le Gatt example code with Arduino/Genuino 101. This post start to (TRY to) implement my own Bluetooth LE Gatt Example, step-by-step. The aim of the examples (in coming series) are scan BLE device, find and link with specified device Genuino 101 (programmed with "LEDCB", refer previous post), and read and write characteristic of the device to turn ON/OFF the Genuino 101 on-board LED.

The main reference material are:
- Android Developers Guide > Bluetooth Low Energy
- The Android example code - BluetoothLeGatt. (The example in last post)

In this first step, create a new project in Android Studio, named AndroidBleGatt.

In my example (in coming post) I will scan LE device using BluetoothLeScanner (Added in API level 21) instead of calling deprecated startLeScan() and stopLeScan() methods as in the BluetoothLeGatt example, so specify the Min Sdk Version of API 21.

Edit AndroidManifest.xml to add uses-feature of "android.hardware.bluetooth_le", uses-permission of "android.permission.BLUETOOTH", "android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" and "android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION".

AndroidManifest.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.blogspot.android_er.androidblegatt">

    <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth_le" android:required="true"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/>

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

Edit MainActivity.java
package com.blogspot.android_er.androidblegatt;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothManager;
import android.bluetooth.le.BluetoothLeScanner;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;
    private BluetoothLeScanner mBluetoothLeScanner;

    private boolean mScanning;

    private static final int RQS_ENABLE_BLUETOOTH = 1;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        // Check if BLE is supported on the device.
        if (!getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE)) {
            Toast.makeText(this,
                    "BLUETOOTH_LE not supported in this device!",
                    Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            finish();
        }

        getBluetoothAdapterAndLeScanner();

        // Checks if Bluetooth is supported on the device.
        if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {
            Toast.makeText(this,
                    "bluetoothManager.getAdapter()==null",
                    Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            finish();
            return;
        }

    }

    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();

        if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
            if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
                Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
                startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, RQS_ENABLE_BLUETOOTH);
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {

        if (requestCode == RQS_ENABLE_BLUETOOTH && resultCode == Activity.RESULT_CANCELED) {
            finish();
            return;
        }

        getBluetoothAdapterAndLeScanner();

        // Checks if Bluetooth is supported on the device.
        if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {
            Toast.makeText(this,
                    "bluetoothManager.getAdapter()==null",
                    Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            finish();
            return;
        }

        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
    }

    private void getBluetoothAdapterAndLeScanner(){
        // Get BluetoothAdapter and BluetoothLeScanner.
        final BluetoothManager bluetoothManager =
                (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
        mBluetoothAdapter = bluetoothManager.getAdapter();
        mBluetoothLeScanner = mBluetoothAdapter.getBluetoothLeScanner();

        mScanning = false;
    }
}



Up to here, the app simple check Bluetooth LE available and enable it. In next post, I will show how to scan available Bluetooth LE devices in range.

Next:
Bluetooth LE Gatt Example, scan BLE devices
Scan specified BLE devices with ScanFilter
Connect to Bluetooth LE device and display GATT Services



Sunday, June 5, 2016

Bluetooth Le Gatt example to link with Arduino/Genuino 101

This post show how to run the Android Bluetooth Le Gatt example Code to link with Arduino/Genuino 101.


The Arduino/Genuino 101 board contains the Intel® Curie™ Module. The 101 adds Bluetooth Low Energy capabilities and has an on-board 6-axis accelerometer/gyroscope, providing exciting opportunities for building creative projects in the connected world. More information about the technical specifications and documentation can be found on the Arduino/Genuino 101 main page.

In Arduino/Genuino 101 board, program with example:
> File > Examples > CurieBLE > CallbackLED


This example setup Arduino/Genuino 101 as Bluetooth LE device (named "LEDCB") with service with UUID "19B10000-E8F2-537E-4F6C-D104768A1214" and create switch characteristic allowing remote device to read and write, with UUID "19B10001-E8F2-537E-4F6C-D104768A1214". We need the UUIDs in future examples.

So I copy here for future reference:
/*
  Copyright (c) 2015 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.

  This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
  License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
  version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
  Lesser General Public License for more details.

  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
  License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
  Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-
  1301 USA
*/


#include <CurieBLE.h>

const int ledPin = 13; // set ledPin to use on-board LED
BLEPeripheral blePeripheral; // create peripheral instance

BLEService ledService("19B10000-E8F2-537E-4F6C-D104768A1214"); // create service

// create switch characteristic and allow remote device to read and write
BLECharCharacteristic switchChar("19B10001-E8F2-537E-4F6C-D104768A1214", BLERead | BLEWrite);

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); // use the LED on pin 13 as an output

  // set the local name peripheral advertises
  blePeripheral.setLocalName("LEDCB");
  // set the UUID for the service this peripheral advertises
  blePeripheral.setAdvertisedServiceUuid(ledService.uuid());

  // add service and characteristic
  blePeripheral.addAttribute(ledService);
  blePeripheral.addAttribute(switchChar);

  // assign event handlers for connected, disconnected to peripheral
  blePeripheral.setEventHandler(BLEConnected, blePeripheralConnectHandler);
  blePeripheral.setEventHandler(BLEDisconnected, blePeripheralDisconnectHandler);

  // assign event handlers for characteristic
  switchChar.setEventHandler(BLEWritten, switchCharacteristicWritten);
// set an initial value for the characteristic
  switchChar.setValue(0);

  // advertise the service
  blePeripheral.begin();
  Serial.println(("Bluetooth device active, waiting for connections..."));
}

void loop() {
  // poll peripheral
  blePeripheral.poll();
}

void blePeripheralConnectHandler(BLECentral& central) {
  // central connected event handler
  Serial.print("Connected event, central: ");
  Serial.println(central.address());
}

void blePeripheralDisconnectHandler(BLECentral& central) {
  // central disconnected event handler
  Serial.print("Disconnected event, central: ");
  Serial.println(central.address());
}

void switchCharacteristicWritten(BLECentral& central, BLECharacteristic& characteristic) {
  // central wrote new value to characteristic, update LED
  Serial.print("Characteristic event, written: ");

  if (switchChar.value()) {
    Serial.println("LED on");
    digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
  } else {
    Serial.println("LED off");
    digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
  }
}

In Android side, load with example code of Bluetooth Le Gatt:


How it run:


This demo haven't show any real function indeed. In coming posts, I will TRY to implement my own example app (with re-using part of the Bluetooth Le Gatt example) to control and read state from Genuino 101. Currently, I don't know how much I can.

Wednesday, June 1, 2016

Android Datagram/UDP Server example


I posted "Java Datagram/UDP Server and Client, run on raspberry Pi" on my another blogspot. And last post show "Android Datagram/UDP Client example". This post show a Datagram/UDP Server run on Android.


MainActivity.java
package com.blogspot.android_er.androidudpserver;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.TextView;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.NetworkInterface;
import java.net.SocketException;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Enumeration;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private final static String TAG = MainActivity.class.getSimpleName();

    TextView infoIp, infoPort;
    TextView textViewState, textViewPrompt;

    static final int UdpServerPORT = 4445;
    UdpServerThread udpServerThread;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        infoIp = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.infoip);
        infoPort = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.infoport);
        textViewState = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.state);
        textViewPrompt = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.prompt);

        infoIp.setText(getIpAddress());
        infoPort.setText(String.valueOf(UdpServerPORT));
    }

    @Override
    protected void onStart() {
        udpServerThread = new UdpServerThread(UdpServerPORT);
        udpServerThread.start();
        super.onStart();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onStop() {
        if(udpServerThread != null){
            udpServerThread.setRunning(false);
            udpServerThread = null;
        }

        super.onStop();
    }

    private void updateState(final String state){
        runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                textViewState.setText(state);
            }
        });
    }

    private void updatePrompt(final String prompt){
        runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                textViewPrompt.append(prompt);
            }
        });
    }

    private class UdpServerThread extends Thread{

        int serverPort;
        DatagramSocket socket;

        boolean running;

        public UdpServerThread(int serverPort) {
            super();
            this.serverPort = serverPort;
        }

        public void setRunning(boolean running){
            this.running = running;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {

            running = true;

            try {
                updateState("Starting UDP Server");
                socket = new DatagramSocket(serverPort);

                updateState("UDP Server is running");
                Log.e(TAG, "UDP Server is running");

                while(running){
                    byte[] buf = new byte[256];

                    // receive request
                    DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buf, buf.length);
                    socket.receive(packet);     //this code block the program flow

                    // send the response to the client at "address" and "port"
                    InetAddress address = packet.getAddress();
                    int port = packet.getPort();

                    updatePrompt("Request from: " + address + ":" + port + "\n");

                    String dString = new Date().toString() + "\n"
                            + "Your address " + address.toString() + ":" + String.valueOf(port);
                    buf = dString.getBytes();
                    packet = new DatagramPacket(buf, buf.length, address, port);
                    socket.send(packet);

                }

                Log.e(TAG, "UDP Server ended");

            } catch (SocketException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                if(socket != null){
                    socket.close();
                    Log.e(TAG, "socket.close()");
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private String getIpAddress() {
        String ip = "";
        try {
            Enumeration<NetworkInterface> enumNetworkInterfaces = NetworkInterface
                    .getNetworkInterfaces();
            while (enumNetworkInterfaces.hasMoreElements()) {
                NetworkInterface networkInterface = enumNetworkInterfaces
                        .nextElement();
                Enumeration<InetAddress> enumInetAddress = networkInterface
                        .getInetAddresses();
                while (enumInetAddress.hasMoreElements()) {
                    InetAddress inetAddress = enumInetAddress.nextElement();

                    if (inetAddress.isSiteLocalAddress()) {
                        ip += "SiteLocalAddress: "
                                + inetAddress.getHostAddress() + "\n";
                    }

                }

            }

        } catch (SocketException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
            ip += "Something Wrong! " + e.toString() + "\n";
        }

        return ip;
    }
}


activity_main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:padding="16dp"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="com.blogspot.android_er.androidudpserver.MainActivity">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
        android:autoLink="web"
        android:text="http://android-er.blogspot.com/"
        android:textStyle="bold" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/infoip"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textStyle="italic" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/infoport"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textStyle="italic" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/state"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="un-initiated"
        android:textSize="20dp"/>

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/prompt"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textSize="18dp"/>
</LinearLayout>


uses-permission of "android.permission.INTERNET" is needed in AndroidManifest.xml

Remark about life-cycle:
In this example, the DatagramSocket server is run in background thread. I haven't handle the life-cycle very well (Actually I don't think any application will have UI like this example). Consider the cases:

Case One:
- Start the app, the activity display on screen and the DatagramSocket opened in associated thread.
- the code socket.receive(packet) block the program flow, so the thread stay here and waiting data request.
- Exit the app. It will set running to false, to request the thread to stop. But the thread is blocked in socket.receive(packet), so it's still running.
- Restart the app, the new thread cannot open the DatagramSocket, because it's still held by old thread.
- Client send a request, the DatagramSocket server response the request and exit socket.receive(packet), and check running and exit.
- In this case, the current activity and associated thread have no DatagramSocket opened!

Case Two:
- Start the app, the activity display on screen and the DatagramSocket opened in associated thread.
- the code socket.receive(packet) block the program flow, so the thread stay here and waiting data request.
- Exit the app. It will set running to false, to request the thread to stop. But the thread is blocked in socket.receive(packet), so it's still running.
- Client send a request, the DatagramSocket server response the request and exit socket.receive(packet), and check running and exit.
- Restart the app, and open the DatagramSocket.
- In this case, the current activity and associated thread can open DatagramSocket and work as expected.


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